Who populates the Millennial Kingdom if the rapture and the 2nd coming are one event? A significant challenge for postmillennialism is identifying who will populate the Millennial Kingdom in natural, mortal bodies. According to postmillennialism, Christ returns after a prolonged period of global righteousness, resulting in the resurrection of all believers into glorified bodies and the judgment of unbelievers. This scenario leaves no individuals in natural bodies to inhabit the earth during the millennium. However, several biblical passages suggest the presence of mortals during this period: •Isaiah 65:20: “No more shall there be in it an infant who lives but a few days, or an old man who does not fill out his days…” This indicates the existence of birth, aging, and death during the millennium. •Zechariah 14:16: “Then everyone who survives of all the nations that have come against Jerusalem shall go up year after year to worship the King…” This suggests that survivors from various nations will continue to live and worship during this time. Early church fathers also anticipated a literal, earthly millennial reign of Christ. For instance, Irenaeus (c. 130–202 AD) wrote: “But when this Antichrist shall have devastated all things in this world, he will reign for three years and six months, and sit in the temple at Jerusalem; and then the Lord will come from heaven in the clouds… bringing in for the righteous the times of the kingdom.” This reflects an expectation of a future earthly kingdom following Christ’s return. Modern theologians, such as John MacArthur, emphasize the necessity of Christ’s return to establish this kingdom: “The Kingdom literally on earth will begin with the arrival of the King. You can’t have this earthly Kingdom until the King gets here.” This perspective aligns with premillennialism, which posits that Christ’s return precedes the millennium, allowing for the presence of individuals in natural bodies during this period. The postmillennial view faces a significant challenge in explaining who will inhabit the Millennial Kingdom in natural bodies, given scriptural indications of mortal life during this era. How does the PM crowd answer this question?