Abrahamic Covenant
Unconditional
Key Promises: Land, nation, worldwide blessing (Genesis 12:1–3; 15:18–21)
Irrevocable: God alone sealed it (Gen 15:17)
Ongoing: Reaffirmed to Isaac and Jacob (Gen 26:3; 28:13)
Implication: Basis for Israel’s everlasting election (Romans 11:28–29)
⸻
Davidic Covenant
Unconditional
Key Promises: Eternal throne, royal dynasty, coming King (2 Sam 7:12–16)
Ongoing: The Messiah reigns from David’s line (Isaiah 9:7; Luke 1:32–33)
Future-Oriented: Physical kingdom still to come (Revelation 20:4–6)
Implication: The King must rule from Zion (Psalm 2:6)
⸻
Mosaic Covenant
Conditional
Key Promises: Blessings for obedience, curses for rebellion (Deut 28)
Temporal: Given at Sinai; mediated through Moses (Exodus 19–24)
Purpose: Expose sin and point to the need for grace (Gal 3:24)
Implication: Cannot annul the earlier Abrahamic promises (Gal 3:17)
⸻
New Covenant
Unconditional
Key Promises: New heart, indwelling Spirit, complete forgiveness (Jer 31:31–34; Ezek 36:26–28)
Initiated by Messiah’s death (Luke 22:20)
Ongoing: Already transforming lives—yet Israel’s national reception awaits (Romans 11:25–27)
Implication: God will restore and renew Israel spiritually and nationally
⸻