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Israel and the Church Are Distinct
Israel and the Church Are Distinct1 Corinthians 10:32 – “Give no offense to Jews or to Greeks or to the church of God.”
Paul distinguishes three groups: Jews, Gentiles, and the Church. The Church does not replace Israel.
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The Promises Belong to Israel
Romans 9:4–5 – “To them belong the adoption, the glory, the covenants, the giving of the law, the worship, and the promises.”
Paul writes present tense — the covenants and promises still belong to Israel.
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The Olive Tree Illustration Refutes Replacement
Romans 11:17–18 – “Do not be arrogant toward the branches… you do not support the root, but the root supports you.”
Gentile believers are grafted in, not swapped in. Israel remains the root.
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God’s Promises to Israel Are Irrevocable
Romans 11:29 – “For the gifts and the calling of God are irrevocable.”
God’s calling of Israel is unchanged and permanent.
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Jesus Will Reign from Jerusalem, Not Rome or a Church
Zechariah 14:16 – “Then everyone… shall go up year after year to worship the King, the Lord of hosts, and to keep the Feast of Booths.”
This is literal Israel in the Millennial Kingdom — the Church does not fulfill this.
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“I ask, then, has God rejected his people? By no means!” — Romans 11:1